Regulators across different jurisdictions require license holders to embed the principles of the three lines of defence model (“3LOD”) into their systems and controls, operations, and culture.

The risk management function and the internal audit function, or equivalent, form an integral part of 3LOD model.


A properly functioning risk management function extends across all business lines of an entity and provides awareness and consideration of all entity risk exposures with the aim of ensuring fully informed decision making. It allows for the effective identification, monitoring, understanding, and management of any current or potential risk exposures, whilst providing management with the necessary tools to identify, manage, and mitigate potential risk exposures.  


An effective internal audit framework adds value and improves the operations of a regulated entity by integrating elements of control, risk management, and compliance. As it helps to shape the governance structure to achieve maximum effectiveness, inefficient processes and areas of poor performance are identified.  

Curious about the latest changes shaking up Europe’s alternative investment landscape?

The revised Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD II”) brings new rules, fresh challenges, and exciting opportunities for fund managers and investors alike. 

In this eBook, we unpack the key developments, explore the impacts on the industry, and reveal what you need to know to stay compliant and competitive.  

Discover how AIFMD II could redefine the future of alternative investments.

Read now
Understanding AIFMD II: A comprehensive guide

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